Abstract

Bone cement implantation syndrome is a potentially lethal perioperative adverse event occurring in joint arthroplasty procedures. The syndrome is characterized by the following signs after bone cement implantation: hypoxia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, loss of consciousness or cardiac arrest. Health care professionals from different specialties may encounter this issue. The pathophysiology behind bone cement implantation syndrome is poorly understood and its management strategies are thus limited. The article introduces a real-life case and summarizes the clinical manifestations of the syndrome, proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms, and syndrome diagnosis and management.