Abstract

Exertional heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness, occurring with increasing frequency, particularly among young individuals during excessive physical exertion. This condition is characterized by a core body temperature exceeding 40.5°C, accompanied by neurological dysfunction. The main factors in the development of exertional heat stroke are disruptions in the body’s thermoregulatory mechanisms, leading to hyperthermia and its damaging effects on organs — both directly and indirectly — through a systemic inflammatory response. Since its prognosis depends on the duration of hyperthermia, early recognition of the condition and rapid, effective cooling are crucial for treatment. Patients with exertional heat stroke often require intensive care due to multiple organ failure, and in rare cases, liver transplantation may be necessary. The article includes a case study of a 45-year-old male patient to illustrate the condition.