Abstract

The use of long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) in the management of type 2 diabetes is on the rise. Right now, available drugs in Estonia are liraglutide, long acting exenatide (exenatide LAR), dulaglutide and semaglutide. Although most GLP1-RAs are used as subcutaneous injections, also a novel oral version of semaglutide is available. GLP1-RAs need to be administered once daily (liraglutide and oral semaglutide) or once weekly. Their advantage is a strong effect in lowering postprandial blood glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body weight. Cardiovascular safety trials have also identified their positive effects in preventing cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, which is why they are considered to be preferable treatment for patients with existing cardiovascular disease. The main adverse effects associated with GLP1-RAs are nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. The gastrointestinal adverse effects usually subside with prolonged treatment.