Abstract

Significant physical and immunological changes occur in a woman’s body during pregnancy, which have a major impact on the course of pregnancy. The balance of cells involved in the maternal innate and adaptive immune response may change in the process. The placenta plays a crucial role in protecting the foetus from infections, providing both physical and chemical barriers. However, some bacteria, viruses,
parasites, and fungi can penetrate the placenta, potentially causing lifelong complications for both child and mother.