Abstract

Thrombosis or thrombophlebitis of the superficial venous system is usually a benign self-limiting disease but it can also be recurrent and persistent. Affecting the greater saphenous veins it may progress to affect the deep venous system and may lead to pulmonary embolism. Thrombosis of the veins is triggered by venostasis, hypercoagulability and vessel wall inflammation or trauma (Virchow triad) and is most often associated with one or more components of the triad. In most cases superficial thrombophlebitis affects the lower extremities and is often associated with varicose veins. In each type of superficial thrombophlebitis the condition presents redness and tenderness along the course of the vein accompanied with swelling.  Duplex ultrasound sonography is the diagnostic investigation of choice. The key question is the localisation and extent of superficial thrombosis as well as its proximity to the deep venous system. This investigation should be performed in all cases when superficial thrombophlebitis is suspected. Low molecular weight heparin during 1 month is recommended to prevent complications especially when greater saphenous veins are affected. In cases of idiopathic, recurrent and persistent thrombophlebitis, particularly in absence of varicose veins, other possible pathological conditions (malignancy, thrombophilia, etc.) should be detected and adequately treated.