{"id":12746,"date":"2022-11-18T13:33:31","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T11:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/?p=12746"},"modified":"2022-11-18T13:33:31","modified_gmt":"2022-11-18T11:33:31","slug":"prevalence-of-depression-symptoms-among-estonian-adults-and-associated-factors-after-the-first-covid-19-year","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/prevalence-of-depression-symptoms-among-estonian-adults-and-associated-factors-after-the-first-covid-19-year\/","title":{"rendered":"Prevalence of depression symptoms among Estonian adults and associated factors after the first COVID-19 year"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Background and aim.<\/strong> Mental disorders, especially depression, are leading causes of the global health related burden. Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of mental health problems. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of depression symptoms among adults and to analyse associations between self-reported depression symptoms and health and COVID-19 related factors in the general population of Estonia.<br \/>\n<strong>Methodology.<\/strong> The study was conducted at the National Institute for Health Development. Data were collected from the crosssectional web-based survey, conducted after<br \/>\nthe second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak (from April 13 to May 5, 2021) in Estonia. Altogether 3,604 adults responded to the survey; the response rate was 35%. The data for 3,557 respondents were included in analysis. The Emotional State Questionnaire version 2, a self-report questionnaire for depression symptoms, was used to assess the prevalence with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse associations between depression symptoms and various factors.<br \/>\n<strong>Results.<\/strong> During the past month, 18.6% (95% CI 17.3\u201320.0) of the respondents had had depression symptoms. The prevalenceof depression symptoms was significantly higher among women compared to men (15.2% vs. 21.6%, AOR = 1.8) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds of depression sy mptoms during the COV ID-19 pandemic were higher for younger adults, e.g., compared to 70+ year-old people. The AOR=12.0 for 19\u201329 year- old, AOR=6.0 for 30\u201339 year-old and AOR=3.8 for 40\u201349 year-old people. In addition, people with poorer living conditions, unemployed and non-working people and people living alone had higher odds of depressive symptoms. This was also the case with lower self-rated health, less people to rely on, as well as consumption of alcohol in harmful amounts and occasional smoking of regular or e-cigarettes.<br \/>\n<strong>Conclusion.<\/strong> About one person in five had experienced depression symptoms during the past month. Interventions should primarily be targeted to women, younger age groups, those with a smaller social support network and people with poorer living conditions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background and aim. Mental disorders, especially depression, are leading causes of the global health related burden. Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of mental health problems. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of depression symptoms among adults and to analyse associations between self-reported depression symptoms and health &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1540],"class_list":["post-12746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","tag-research","authors-eha-nurk","authors-kaia-laidra","authors-kaire-innos","authors-merili-tamson"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12746"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12746\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12747,"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12746\/revisions\/12747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eestiarst.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}