Abstract

Changes arising in the female organism during menopause can significantly affect also quality of life. The article addresses the factors determining the age of onset of menopause and different type of changes in the female organism, including hormonal changes as well as clinical symptoms, e.g. hot flushes and alterations in the urogenital tract. Possibilities of relieving climacteric complaints are introduced. Medical treatment and indications and contraindications for hormone replacement therapy, as well as the choice of the treatment scheme are discussed in more detail. Preparations used for hormonal treatment are described. The issue of the duration of treatment is studied. Several guidelines recommend application of hormone replacement therapy in the case of menopausal complaints in as low dose and during as short period as possible. In addition, the article identifies necessary investigations prior to and during treatment. Also use of hormone replacement therapy for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis as a risk factor for cancer is discussed. The knowledge of the problems associated with menopause and their treatment options could help women through counselling and through prescribing medications.